Q1 was a testing period for Israel’s two refineries: the 197,000 b/d Bazan in Haifa in northern Israel and the 100,000 b/d Ashdod in the south. Combined refinery output averaged 253,000 b/d over the quarter, operating at 85% of CDU capacity, despite missile attacks on Bazan and maintenance work at Ashdod (see chart 1).